A new classification of active regions (ARs) on the Sun was proposed in Crimean Astrophysical Observatory by Abramenko V.I., Zhukova A.V., Suleymanova R.A., Kutsenko A.S. The magneto-morphological classification (MMC) is based on an analysis of photospheric manifestations of subphotospheric dynamics and turbulence in the formation of ARs. Catalog of ARs of the 23rd and 24th solar cycles was compiled and it is presented below. Updated 3 Dec 2025 ===================================================================================== A concept of the MMC is suggested in: SIGNATURE OF THE TURBULENT COMPONENT OF THE SOLAR DYNAMO ON ACTIVE REGION SCALES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH FLARING ACTIVITY Abramenko, V. MNRAS, 2021, 507, 3698. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2404 Information on the catalog structure and usage can be found in: MAGNETIC FLUXES OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS OF DIFFERENT MAGNETO-MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSES: I. CYCLIC VARIATIONS Abramenko, V.I., Suleymanova, R.A., Zhukova, A.V. MNRAS, 2023, 518, 4746. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac3338 THE NORTH-SOUTH ASYMMETRY OF ACTIVE REGIONS OF DIFFERENT MAGNETO-MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES IN SOLAR CYCLES 23 AND 24 Zhukova, A.; Sokoloff D., Abramenko V., Khlystova A. Adv. Space Res., 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2022.09.013 ===================================================================================== The catalog was compiled based on data from space instruments Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The following data was used: - SOHO/MDI - full-disk magnetograms; - SDO/HMI - patches of full-disk magnetograms with active regions (ARs) Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches (SHARPs), series sharp_cea_720s. Visual examination of ARs was performed on the basis of: - Solarmonitor.org; - Helioviewer.org; - Fenyi.solarobs.epss.hun-ren.hu, Debrecen Photoheliographic Data (DPD). The magnetic class of ARs is given according to USAF/NOAA Solar Region Summary (SRS) at solarcyclescience.com. =================================================================================== The data obtained was processed and structured as follows: - ARs were registered every 9th day, starting May 12 1996. - only those ARs that are located no further than 60 degrees from the central meridian were taken into account; - for the MDI data, patches of full-disk magnetograms with individual ARs were extracted; - for the HMI data (starting June 16 2010), ready-made SHARP patches were used; - for SHARP patches containing multiple ARs, smaller patches with individual ARs were extracted; - individual ARs were also distinguished from some complex composite ARs and complexes of activity; - ARs representing a coherent magnetic (bipolar or other) structure were combined; - for extracted and combined ARs, the NOAA number of the core group and additional NOAA numbers of ARs (if present) are provided; - ARs without NOAA number (not marked in USAF/NOAA SRS) are provided with 'zero' and DPD number (if present). For each of the 3048 ARs identified, the magnetic flux was calculated. The MDI data were adapted to HMI data (by dividing the correction coefficient 1.23, Abramenko et. al, 2023, see reference above). =================================================================================== For each AR, the data is distributed in the following sections. Section 'Magneto-morphological class of AR'. Magneto-morphological classes (MMC) of ARs (as presented in Abramenko et. al, 2023, see reference above): A - regular bipolar ARs obeying the Hale polarity law, the Joy s law, and the prevalence of the leading sunspot rule. Sub-classes: A1 - bipolar ARs obeying all rules; no delta-structures; A2 - bipolar ARs obeying all rules; a weak delta-structure(s) is present. B - irregular ARs (all the rest except unipolar spots). Sub-classes: B1 - bipolar ARs that violate at least one rule; a weak (if any) delta-structure(s); B2 - multipolar ARs consisting of several quasi-coaligned bipoles having the general axis orientation in accordance with the Joy's law; a strong delta-structure is frequently present; B3 - most complex multipolar ARs with opposite polarity sunspots distributed in an irregular manner so that it is impossible to define the axis of the AR and to assign leading and trailing sunspots. U - unipolar spots. Sub-classes: U1 - unipolar sunspots without surrounding pores and magnetic elements of opposite polarity; U2 - unipolar sunspots with small pores and/or magnetic elements of opposite polarity randomly distributed around the sunspot. To identify the subclasses, the following flags are assigned: Hale (H) obeying/violating the Hale polarity law; Joy (J) obeying/violating the the Joy's law; Leader(L) obeying/violating the prevalence of the leading sunspot rule. For each flag, a mark YES/NO is assigned for each AR: Yes (Y) - the corresponding law is met; No (N) - the corresponding law is violated; Zero (0) - in uncertain cases. For the flag L the following marks are additionally used: P preceding (leading) polarity; F following (trailing, tail) polarity. Marks 'P' and 'F' are used for - unipolar spots, which originate from a leading or trailing part of a pre-existing AR (if such a fact was observed); - regular ARs of A class if the NOAA number is assigned to the leading part only or to the tail part only; the SHARP patch contains only a part of the AR. The classification was performed for a specific day of observation, but using information from the previous and subsequent days. Information on the UV-loops connections was also used in uncertain cases. =================================================================================== Section 'Flare productivity of AR'. For 566 ARs of the solar cycle 24, the GOES class, date and time of the maximum flare, and the daily SXR flare index are presented. Flare data from CrAO Solar Application at http://solar.dev.argh.team/sunspotsw were used. The method for calculation the SXR flare index (FI) is provided in: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAGNETIC POWER SPECTRUM AND FLARE PRODUCTIVITY IN SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS V. I. Abramenko The Astrophysical Journal, 2005, 629, 1141 =================================================================================== Section 'Electric current in AR'. For 502 ARs of the solar cycle 24, the average unsigned density of vertical electric current and distributed (global) electric current are presented. The averaging was carried out during the period of 3-5 days, when the AR was no further than 30 degree from the central meridian. The method of calculation the parameters of the electric current is presented in: DYNAMICS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT'S PARAMETERS IN ACTIVE REGIONS ON THE SUN AND THEIR RELATION TO THE FLARE INDEX Yu.A. Fursyak, V.I. Abramenko, A.S. Kutsenko Astrophysics, 2020, 63, 260. DISTRIBUTED ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS Yu.A. Fursyak, A.S. Kutsenko, V.I. Abramenko Solar Physics, 2020, Vol. 295, Issue 2, article id. 19. =================================================================================== The catalog is continuously updated. =================================================================================== Number Fmt Columns Description ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Magneto-morphological class of AR (1) I5 1- 5 NOAA number (for individual ARs that were extracted from complex composite ARs and complexes of activity the original NOAA number is duplicated) (2) date of observation (every 9th day): I4 7- 10 year I2 12- 13 month I2 15- 16 day I2 18- 13 hour I2 21- 22 minute I2 24- 25 second (3) heliographic coordinates of the flux weight center: F6.2 27- 32 latitude F6.2 34- 39 longitude (4) E10.3 41- 50 total (unsigned) magnetic flux , Mx (5) classification of AR in accordance with MMC: marks 'yes'(Y), 'no'(N), "zero'(0), 'preceding" (P), 'following' (F) that were defined by flags: I1 52 'Hale' - Yes or No (Y or N) I1 54 'Joy' - Yes or No (Y or N) I1 56 'Leader'-Yes or No (Y or N) I1 58-59 MMC class (A1, or A2, or B1, or B2, or B3,or U1, or U2) I1 61 data on the number of patches that were extracted from the original magnetogram: 0 - original SHARP patch (original AR) was not not changed 1 - original SHARP patch was corrected 2... - two (ore more...) patches with individual ARs were extracted from the original SHARP patch (6) A3 63- 65 magnetic class by Mount Wilson Observatory (Hale class) of AR according to USAF/NOAA SRS (A=Alpha, B=Beta, D=Delta, G=Gamma) 1 67 mark '*' for ARs, the Hale class of which was defined by us ( 6 63-68 mark 'no ARs' for days without ARs on the disc) Flare productivity of AR (7) F5.3 72- 76 daily SXR flare index (FI); date of the maximal flare: (8) I4 78- 81 year I2 83- 84 month I2 86- 87 day I2 89- 90 hour I2 92- 93 minute (9) A4 95- 98 GOES class of the maximal flare Electric current in AR (10) the beginning of the monitoring: I4 101-104 year I2 106-107 month I2 109-110 day I2 112-113 hour I2 115-116 minute I2 118-119 second (11) the end of the monitoring: I4 121-124 year I2 126-127 I2 129-130 I2 132-133 hour I2 135-136 minute I2 138-139 second (12) F4.2 141-144 averaged (during the monitoring period) unsigned density of vertical electric current <|jz|>, 10^(-3) A*m^(-2) A1 146 mark '*' for ARs, in which magnetic flux emergence was was observed during the monitoring period (13) F6.2 148-153 averaged (during the monitoring period) distributed (global) electric current I_distr, 10^12 A Additional data (14) additional information about identifiers: 6 155-160 DPD number (for ARs without NOAA number, if present) 12 162-173 additional NOAA and DPD number for ARs including multiple groups. For NOAA numbers, ';blank space' is used as separator. For DPD numbers, mark '*' (position 162 is applied) I4 176-179 HARP number (for the MDI data, HARP number is absent; for different HMI series - sharp_cea_720s and sharp_cea_720s_nrt - the numbers are different) A3 181-183 mark "nrt" means that sharp_cea_720s_nrt series data are used (by default, sharp_cea_720s series data are used) (15) heliographic coordinates of the patch boundaries: F6.2 185-190 min latitude (bottom boundary) F6.2 192-197 max latitude (top boundary) F6.2 199-204 min longitude (left boundary) F6.2 206-211 max longitude (right boundary) (16) coordinates in pixels of the extracted patch boundaries: (for original patches, zero): I4 214-217 left bottom (along the horizontal axis) I4 219-222 left bottom (along the vertical axis) number of pixels in the extracted patch (box) I4 224-227 along the horizontal axis I4 229-232 along the vertical axis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Updated 3 Dec 2025